Igneous rocks, such as granite, dolerite and basalt, are those formed by the fusion of minerals under great heat and pressure. Beds of strong igneous rock occur just below or at the surface of ground in Scotland and Cornwall as Aberdeen and Cornish granite. The nature and suitability of such rocks as a foundation may be distinguished by the need to use a pneumatic drill to break up the surface of sound, incompressible rock to form a roughly level bed for foundations.
Because of the density and strength of these rocks it would be sufficient to raise walls directly off the rock surface. For convenience it is usual to cast a bed of concrete on the roughly levelled rock surface as a level surface on which to build. The concrete bed need be no wider than the wall thickness it supports.
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