Fine grained cohesive soils, such as clays, are a natural deposit of the finest siliceous and aluminous products of rock weathering. Clay is smooth and greasy to the touch, shows high plasticity, dries slowly and shrinks appreciably on drying. Under the pressure of the load on foundations clay soils are very gradually compressed by the expulsion of water through the very many fine capillary paths, so that buildings settle gradually during building work and this settlement may continue for some years after the building is completed.
The initial and subsequent small settlement by compression during and after building on clay subsoils will generally be uniform under most small buildings, such as houses, to the extent that no damage is caused to the structure and its connected services.
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