Natural system.-
This system, which is commonly used for field drains, uses the natural contours of the ground to improve run off of surface ground water to spine drains in natural valleys that fall towards ditches or streams. The drains are laid in irregular patterns to follow the natural contours as illustrated in Fig. 19A.
Fig 19 (A) Natural system. (B) Herring bone system.
Herring bone system.-
In this system, illustrated in Fig. l9B, fairly regular runs of drains connect to spine drains that connect to a ditch or main drain. This system is suited to shallow, mainly one way slopes that fall naturally towards a ditch or main drain and can be laid to a reasonably regular pattern to provide a broad area of drainage.
Grid system.-
This is an alternative to the herring bone system for draining one way slopes where branch drains are fed by short branches that fall towards a ditch or main drain, as illustrated in Fig. 20A. This system may be preferred to the herring bone system, where the run off is moderate, because there are fewer drain connections that may become blocked.
Fig. 20 (A) Grid system. (B) Fan systems.
Fan system-
A fan shaped layout of short branches, illustrated in Fig. 20B, drains to spine drains that fan towards a soakaway, ditch or drain on narrow sites. A similar system is also used to drain the partially purified outflow from a septic tank, (see Volume 5), to an area of subsoil where further purification will be effected.
On sloping building sites on impervious soil where an existing system of land drains is already laid and where a new system is laid to prevent flooding a moat or cut off system is used around the new building to isolate it from general land drains, as illustrated in Fig. 21.
On sloping building sites on impervious soil where an existing system of land drains is already laid and where a new system is laid to prevent flooding a moat or cut off system is used around the new building to isolate it from general land drains, as illustrated in Fig. 21.
The moat or cut off system of drains is laid some distance from and around the new building to drain the ground between it and the new building and to carry water from the diverted land drains down the slope of the site. Plainly the moat drains should be clear of paved areas around the house.
4 comentarios:
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Great article you have here, very informative indeed. Thank you for sharing!
- Milwaukee
Effective drainage methods vary: natural and grid systems cater to different terrains, optimizing water runoff. Environdrainageservices
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