Raft foundation.

Sunday, December 5, 2010

A raft foundation consists of a raft of reinforced concrete under the whole of a building. This type of foundation is described as a raft in the sense that the concrete raft is cast on the surface of the ground which supports it, as water does a raft, and the foundation is not fixed by foundations carried down into the subsoil.

Raft foundations may be used for buildings on compressible ground such as very soft clay, alluvial deposits and compressible fill material where strip, pad or pile foundations would not provide a stable foundation without excessive excavation. The reinforced concrete raft is designed to transmit the whole load of the building from the raft to the ground where the small spread loads will cause little if any appreciable settlement.
The two types of raft foundation commonly used are the flat raft and the wide toe raft.

The flat slab raft is of uniform thickness under the whole of the building and reinforced to spread the loads from the walls uniformly over the under surface to the ground. This type of raft may be used under small buildings such as bungalows and two storey houses where the comparatively small loads on foundations can be spread safely and economically under the rafts.

The concrete raft is reinforced top and bottom against both upward and downward bending. Vegetable top soil is removed and a blinding layer of concrete 50 mm thick is spread and levelled to provide a base on which to cast the concrete raft. A waterproof membrane is laid, on the dry concrete blinding, against moisture rising into the raft. The top and bottom reinforcement is supported and spaced preparatory to placing the concrete which is spread, consolidated and finished level.

When the reinforced concrete raft has dried and developed sufficient strength the walls are raised as illustrated in Fig. 12. The concrete raft is usually at least 150 mm thick. 

Fig. 12 Flat slab raft.

The concrete raft may be at ground level or finished just below the surface for appearance sake. Where floor finishes are to be laid on the raft a 50 mm thick layer of concrete is spread over the raft, between the walls, to raise the level and provide a level, smooth finish for floor coverings. As an alternative a raised floor may be constructed on top of the raft to raise the floor above ground.

A flat slab recommended for building in areas subject to mining subsidence is similar to the flat slab, but cast on a bed of fine granular material 150 mm thick so that the raft is not keyed to the ground and is therefore unaffected by horizontal ground strains.

Where the ground has poor compressibility and the loads on the foundations would require a thick, uneconomic flat slab, it is usual to cast the raft as a wide toe raft foundation. The raft is cast with a reinforced concrete, stiffening edge beam from which a reinforced concrete toe extends as a base for the external leaf of a cavity wall as shown in Fig. 13. The slab is thickened under internal load bearing walls.

Vegetable top soil is removed and the exposed surface is cut away to roughly form the profile of the underside of the slab. As necessary 100 mm of hardcore or concrete is spread under the area of the raft and a 50 mm layer of blinding concrete is spread, shaped and levelled as a base for the raft and toes. A waterproof membrane is laid on the dried concrete blinding and the steel reinforcement fixed in position and supported preparatory to placing, compacting and levelling the concrete raft.

The external cavity and internal solid walls are raised off the concrete raft once it has developed sufficient strength. The extended toe of the edge beam is shaped so that the external brick outer leaf of the cavity wall is finished below ground for appearance sake. A floor finish is laid on 50 mm concrete finish or a raised floor constructed. 

Fig. 13 Edge beam raft.

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47 comentarios:

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0s0-Pa said...

Something tells me that wouldn't do very well on a river... -_-

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Rasel said...

Thinks for this nice article. You may also like my article about advantages and disadvantages of flat slabs

Unknown said...

Reinforcing the concrete just added to this whole adventure, huh? It's probably a good investment that you reinforced all of the concrete of the whole building. I'm thinking that strong concrete would attribute to getting these walls secured in place too. What should you do if you find cracks in your concrete in your basement? Is that a foundation issue?
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Unknown said...

Thanks a lot for u article. My God bless you

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Unknown said...

Is it possible with prefabricated mobile structures not to worry about reinforcing your edge beams

Unknown said...

This is really a nice blog in which you discuss each and every thing in detail and in a very easy manner.

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lorraine lee said...

Hi, how would i locate where interior wwalls shoud be on an existing raft foundation. thanks

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Unknown said...

I was doing a foundation design assignment and this article on raft foundation has provided a useful reference material. I have learned new information about foundation design that I did not knew earlier. Thanks for sharing this information with us. I have been informed and I will only be looking for Ed.D Literature Review Writing Assistance.

Unknown said...

Thanks for your sharing idea on this article.

Unknown said...

what is the maximum effective depth for raft

Mervin said...

Hi, my semi-d house was build on a raft foundation of about 8" tick. I am thinking of renovation my house to a double story house. Contractors have suggested to cut 4'x 4' at certain point of the raft foundation with 16 head mangrove wood pile and new concrete. Especially at the adjoining wall. Is this proper or will it weaken the raft foundation? I am afraid that my neighbor's house may have problems after a few years down the road. Please advise. Thanks.

Saad Iqbal said...

You have acctually written a very excellent article you may also like my article on the same topic dear Raft foundation is a foundation of 21st century

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